Nezhat’s History of Endoscopy

Let There Be Light: A Historical Analysis of Endoscopy’s Ascension Since Antiquity

ABOUT THIS SITE

In 2005 pioneering surgeon Dr. Camran Nezhat was awarded a fellowship by The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology to research and write this important history. In Washington, DC at ACOG and the Library of Congress, he and brilliant researcher Barbara Page sorted through the treasure-trove of materials.

This site presents an advanced web format to benefit worldwide understanding of Minimally Invasive Surgery. Our goal is to periodically update and amend SLS materials with contributions from the World Wide Minimally Invasive Surgery community.

Paul Alan Wetter, MD, FACOG, FACS, Executive Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROLOGUE

PART I) ENDOSCOPY AS A PHILOSOPHY: ANCIENT – EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Chapter 1. Endoscopy as a Philosophy
Chapter 2. Ancient to Pre-Modern Period
Chapter 3. Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Age of Enlightenment
Chapter 4. Hovering on the Brink of Modernity
Chapter 5. The Anatomy of a Pioneer

PART II) 1800-1877: BOZZINI, DESORMEAUX, CRUISE
Chapter 6. Bozzini: The Beginning of Early Modern Endoscopy
Chapter 7. Post-Bozzini
Chapter 8. Desormeaux
Chapter 9. After Desormeaux
Chapter 10. The Larynx Illuminated

PART III) 1870s-1899: THE ERA OF NITZE
Chapter 11. The Era of Nitze

PART IV) EARLY 20TH CENTURY: 1900-1939
Chapter 12. Early 20th Century
Chapter 13. The Glory Days of Endoscopy
Chapter 14. Recap of Where Endoscopy Stood
Chapter 15. Endo-Urology
Chapter 16. The Glory Days Part II

PART V) 1940s –1960s: POST-WWII
Chapter 17. 1940s
Chapter 18. 1950s
Chapter 19. 1960s

PART VI) 1970 – PRESENT: ADVANCED OPERATIVE VIDEOLAPAROSCOPY
Chapter 20. 1970s
Chapter 21. The Fight for Reproductive Rights
Chapter 22. Nezhat & the Rise of Advanced Operative Video-Laparoscopy
Chapter 23. 1980s
Chapter 24. 1990s